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As another example, measuring waist circumference may be a relatively straightforward approach to assessing future cardiovascular risk that would require minimal training or technologies; a recent study from Japan found waist circumference Wyler Tantalum GMT Tourbillon WL-8 than 90 cm in men and 80 cm in women was a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease.23Ongoing public health initiatives in other areas may provide helpful starting points for national screening programs. For example, current work to develop approaches for cervical cancer screening appropriate to lower-income settings may offer valuable lessons. For more information, screening.

Treatment and managementIn many cases, health systems in developing countries are oriented toward treatment of communicable diseases that generally requires a short-term, finite period of intervention. Management and Wyler Titanium Chronograph WL-2 of chronic diseases, by contrast, requires ongoing and continuous interactions between the health system and patients. Developing countries working to dramatically expand treatment programs for H I V/ AI DS will face - or are already facing - similar kinds of large-scale health system demands. The experience of HIV/ AIDS programming in developing countries may therefore have Wyler Titanium Chronograph WL-3 lessons for the chronic disease community24 For example, experience in provincial hospitals in Cambodia has shown that care for diabetes, H I V/ AID S, and hypertension can be effectively integrated, with good acceptability and retention.25

Chronic diseases and reproductive health: Challenges and opportunitiesA woman s reproductive life extends from early adolescence into her 40s, if not longer. Reproductive health services therefore provide an important entry point for reaching a large population of women for whom chronic disease is an established or emerging concern, depending on the context. For example, reproductive health services for adolescents may Wyler Titanium Chronograph WL-6 an entry point for behavior change communication interventions that help to prevent chronic conditions. Services for pregnant women may present opportunities for secondary prevention among women in the early stages of chronic disease. Finally, women who develop chronic diseases relatively early in life may have different needs for safe pregnancy, childbirth, and family planning services.